"Harvard removed a student's disciplinary record from the calculation of grades in 1869, and eight years later adopted a scale of 100, replacing it in 1883 with five letter grades -- A through E. In 1895 letter grades were replaced by a new scale of rank by merit: 'passed with distinction', 'passed', and 'failed.' All this thrashing around in search of the perfect grading system was a response to a changing curriculum and a changing climate of academic life."
-- Curriculum: A History of the American Undergraduate Course of Study Since 1636, Frederick Rudolf, 1977, p. 147.
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